Implemented basic lighting!

assets/shaders/shader.frag

@@ -2,6 +2,37 @@
 
 layout(location = 0) out vec4 outColor;
 
+layout(location = 2) in vec3 Normal;
+layout(location = 3) in vec3 FragPos;
+layout(location = 4) in vec2 TexCoords;
+
+layout (binding = 2) uniform LightUniform {
+    vec3 pos;
+} lightPos;
+
+layout (binding = 3) uniform ViewUniform {
+    vec3 pos;
+} viewPos;
+
+layout (set = 1, binding = 0) uniform sampler2D textureSampler;
+layout (set = 1, binding = 1) uniform sampler2D diffuseSampler;
+
 void main() {
-    outColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+	vec3 lightDiffuse = vec3(0.5, 0.5, 0.5);
+	vec3 lightAmbient = vec3(0.2, 0.2, 0.2);
+	vec3 lightSpecular = vec3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+
+	vec3 norm = normalize(Normal);
+	vec3 lightDir = normalize(lightPos.pos - FragPos);
+	float diff = max(dot(norm, lightDir), 0.0);
+	vec3 diffuse = lightDiffuse * diff * vec3(texture(textureSampler, TexCoords));
+	vec3 ambient = lightAmbient * vec3(texture(textureSampler, TexCoords));
+
+	vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos.pos - FragPos);
+	vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, norm);
+	float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), 2);
+	vec3 specular = lightSpecular * spec * vec3(texture(diffuseSampler, TexCoords));
+
+	vec3 result = (ambient + diffuse + specular);
+	outColor = vec4(result, 1.0);
 }

assets/shaders/shader.vert

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #version 450
 
 layout(location = 0) in vec3 vertPos;
+layout(location = 1) in vec3 normal;
+layout(location = 2) in vec2 uv;
 
 layout (binding = 0) uniform ProjUniform {
     mat4 proj;
@@ -10,8 +12,15 @@ layout (binding = 1) uniform ViewUniform {
     mat4 view;
 } view;
 
+layout(location = 2) out vec3 Normal;
+layout(location = 3) out vec3 FragPos;
+layout(location = 4) out vec2 TexCoords;
+
 void main() {
     vec4 out_vec = proj.proj * view.view * vec4(vertPos, 1.0);
     //vec4 out_vec = proj.proj * vec4(vertPos, 1.0);
+    FragPos = vec3(vec4(vertPos, 1.0));
+    Normal = normal;
+    TexCoords = uv;
     gl_Position = vec4(out_vec.x, out_vec.y, out_vec.z, out_vec.w);
 }

build.zig

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
         .optimize = optimize,
         .link_libc = true,
     });
+    renderer.addCSourceFile(.{ .file = b.path("ext/stb_image.c") });
     renderer.addImport("sideros", sideros);
     renderer.addImport("ecs", ecs);
     ecs.addImport("renderer", renderer);

ext/stb_image.c

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "stb_image.h"

src/c.zig

@@ -6,4 +6,5 @@ pub const c = @cImport({
     @cInclude("vulkan/vulkan_wayland.h");
     @cInclude("vulkan/vulkan_xcb.h");
     @cInclude("xcb/xcb_icccm.h");
+    @cInclude("stb_image.h");
 });

src/ecs/entities.zig

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub const SyncGroup = []const System;
 
 pub const Resources = struct {
     camera: Camera,
-    renderer: Renderer,
+    renderer: *Renderer,
     input: Input,
     delta_time: f64 = 0.0,
 };
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ pub const Human = struct {
 // TODO(ernesto): Move pool to its own file
 pub const Pool = struct {
     humans: std.MultiArrayList(Human),
-    resources: Resources,
+    resources: *Resources,
     allocator: Allocator,
     system_groups: std.ArrayList(SystemGroup),
     sync_groups: std.ArrayList(SyncGroup),
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pub const Pool = struct {
     wait_group: std.Thread.WaitGroup,
     mutex: std.Thread.Mutex,
 
-    pub fn init(allocator: Allocator, resources: Resources) !@This() {
+    pub fn init(allocator: Allocator, resources: *Resources) !@This() {
         var pool = @This(){
             .humans = .{},
             .resources = resources,

src/main.zig

@@ -50,15 +50,15 @@ pub fn main() !void {
     //var w = try Renderer.Window.create(800, 600, "sideros");
     //defer w.destroy();
 
-    const resources = ecs.Resources{
+    var resources = ecs.Resources{
         .camera = .{
-            .position = .{0.0, 0.0, 100},
+            .position = .{30.0, 30.0, 30.0},
             .target = .{0.0, 0.0, 0.0},
         },
         .renderer = undefined,
         .input = .{ .key_pressed = .{false} ** @intFromEnum(Input.KeyCode.menu) },
     };
-    var pool = try ecs.Pool.init(allocator, resources);
+    var pool = try ecs.Pool.init(allocator, &resources);
     defer pool.deinit();
     try pool.addSystemGroup(&[_]ecs.System{
         Renderer.render,

src/renderer/Mesh.zig

@@ -8,10 +8,14 @@ const Mesh = @This();
 
 pub const Vertex = struct {
     position: [3]f32,
+    normal: [3]f32,
+    uv: [2]f32,
 
-    pub fn create(x: f32, y: f32, z: f32) Vertex {
+    pub fn create(x: f32, y: f32, z: f32, normal_x: f32, normal_y: f32, normal_z: f32, u: f32, v: f32) Vertex {
         return Vertex{
             .position = .{ x, y, z },
+            .normal = .{ normal_x, normal_y, normal_z },
+            .uv = .{u, v},
         };
     }
 
@@ -25,15 +29,29 @@ pub const Vertex = struct {
         return binding_description;
     }
 
-    pub fn attributeDescription() c.VkVertexInputAttributeDescription {
-        const attribute_description: c.VkVertexInputAttributeDescription = .{
-            .location = 0,
-            .binding = 0,
-            .format = c.VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT,
-            .offset = 0,
+    pub fn attributeDescriptions() []const c.VkVertexInputAttributeDescription {
+        const attributes: []const c.VkVertexInputAttributeDescription = &.{
+            .{
+                .location = 0,
+                .binding = 0,
+                .format = c.VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT,
+                .offset = 0,
+            },
+            .{
+                .location = 1,
+                .binding = 0,
+                .format = c.VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT,
+                .offset = 12,
+            },
+            .{
+                .location = 2,
+                .binding = 0,
+                .format = c.VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT,
+                .offset = 24,
+            },
         };
 
-        return attribute_description;
+        return attributes;
     }
 };
 
@@ -41,15 +59,35 @@ vertex_buffer: vk.Buffer,
 index_buffer: vk.Buffer,
 
 pub fn createVertexBuffer(allocator: Allocator, device: anytype) !vk.Buffer {
-    const gltf_data = try gltf.parseFile(allocator, "assets/models/block.glb");
+    const gltf_data = try gltf.parseFile(allocator, "assets/models/cube.glb");
 
     const vertices = gltf_data.vertices;
+    const normals = gltf_data.normals;
+    const uvs = gltf_data.uvs;
+    defer allocator.free(uvs);
+    defer allocator.free(normals);
     defer allocator.free(vertices);
     defer allocator.free(gltf_data.indices);
 
+    const final_array = try allocator.alloc([8]f32, vertices.len);
+    defer allocator.free(final_array);
+
+    for (vertices, normals, uvs, final_array) |vertex, normal, uv, *final| {
+        final[0] = vertex[0];
+        final[1] = vertex[1];
+        final[2] = vertex[2];
+
+        final[3] = normal[0];
+        final[4] = normal[1];
+        final[5] = normal[2];
+
+        final[6] = uv[0];
+        final[7] = uv[1];
+    }
+
     var data: [*c]?*anyopaque = null;
 
-    const buffer = try device.createBuffer(vk.BufferUsage{ .transfer_src = true }, vk.BufferFlags{ .host_visible = true, .host_coherent = true }, @sizeOf(Vertex) * vertices.len);
+    const buffer = try device.createBuffer(vk.BufferUsage{ .transfer_src = true }, vk.BufferFlags{ .host_visible = true, .host_coherent = true }, @sizeOf([8]f32) * vertices.len);
 
     try vk.mapError(c.vkMapMemory(
         device.handle,
@@ -63,7 +101,7 @@ pub fn createVertexBuffer(allocator: Allocator, device: anytype) !vk.Buffer {
     if (data) |ptr| {
         const gpu_vertices: [*]Vertex = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ptr));
 
-        @memcpy(gpu_vertices, @as([]Vertex, @ptrCast(vertices[0..])));
+        @memcpy(gpu_vertices, @as([]Vertex, @ptrCast(final_array[0..])));
     }
 
     c.vkUnmapMemory(device.handle, buffer.memory);
@@ -77,11 +115,12 @@ pub fn createVertexBuffer(allocator: Allocator, device: anytype) !vk.Buffer {
 }
 
 pub fn createIndexBuffer(allocator: Allocator, device: anytype) !vk.Buffer {
-    const gltf_data = try gltf.parseFile(allocator, "assets/models/block.glb");
+    const gltf_data = try gltf.parseFile(allocator, "assets/models/cube.glb");
     const indices = gltf_data.indices;
     defer allocator.free(indices);
     defer allocator.free(gltf_data.vertices);
-    //const indices = [_]u16{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 2 };
+    defer allocator.free(gltf_data.normals);
+    defer allocator.free(gltf_data.uvs);
 
     var data: [*c]?*anyopaque = null;
 

src/renderer/Renderer.zig

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ const ecs = @import("ecs");
 const std = @import("std");
 const vk = @import("vulkan.zig");
 pub const Mesh = @import("Mesh.zig");
+const Texture = vk.Texture;
 pub const Camera = @import("Camera.zig");
 const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ pub fn init(comptime C: type, comptime S: type, allocator: Allocator, display: C
 
     const swapchain = try vk.Swapchain(2).create(allocator, surface, device, physical_device, render_pass);
 
-    const graphics_pipeline = try vk.GraphicsPipeline(2).create(device, swapchain, render_pass, vertex_shader, fragment_shader);
+    var graphics_pipeline = try vk.GraphicsPipeline(2).create(allocator, device, swapchain, render_pass, vertex_shader, fragment_shader);
 
     // TODO: I think the renderer shouldn't have to interact with buffers. I think the API should change to
     // something along the lines of
@@ -48,6 +49,15 @@ pub fn init(comptime C: type, comptime S: type, allocator: Allocator, display: C
     //    renderer.submit()
     const triangle = try Mesh.create(allocator, device);
 
+    const texture = try Texture.init("assets/textures/container.png", device);
+    const diffuse = try Texture.init("assets/textures/container_specular.png", device);
+
+    _ = try graphics_pipeline.addTexture(device, texture, diffuse);
+
+    graphics_pipeline.light_pos[0] = 0.0;
+    graphics_pipeline.light_pos[1] = 2.0;
+    graphics_pipeline.light_pos[2] = 0.0;
+
     return Renderer{
         .instance = instance,
         .surface = surface,
@@ -83,6 +93,12 @@ pub fn render(pool: *ecs.Pool) anyerror!void {
     const view_memory = renderer.graphics_pipeline.view_memory;
     @memcpy(view_memory[0..@sizeOf(math.Matrix)], std.mem.asBytes(&camera.getView()));
 
+    const view_pos_memory = renderer.graphics_pipeline.view_pos_memory;
+    const view_pos: [*]f32 = @alignCast(@ptrCast(view_pos_memory));
+    view_pos[0] = camera.position[0];
+    view_pos[1] = camera.position[1];
+    view_pos[2] = camera.position[2];
+
     try renderer.device.waitFence(renderer.current_frame);
     const image = try renderer.swapchain.nextImage(renderer.device, renderer.current_frame);
     try renderer.device.resetCommand(renderer.current_frame);
@@ -91,7 +107,7 @@ pub fn render(pool: *ecs.Pool) anyerror!void {
     renderer.graphics_pipeline.bind(renderer.device, renderer.current_frame);
     renderer.device.bindVertexBuffer(renderer.vertex_buffer, renderer.current_frame);
     renderer.device.bindIndexBuffer(renderer.index_buffer, renderer.current_frame);
-    renderer.device.bindDescriptorSets(renderer.graphics_pipeline, renderer.current_frame);
+    renderer.device.bindDescriptorSets(renderer.graphics_pipeline, renderer.current_frame, 0);
     renderer.device.draw(@intCast(renderer.index_buffer.size / @sizeOf(u16)), renderer.current_frame);
     renderer.render_pass.end(renderer.device, renderer.current_frame);
     try renderer.device.endCommand(renderer.current_frame);

src/renderer/Texture.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+const Texture = @This();
+const c = @import("sideros").c;
+const vk = @import("vulkan.zig");
+
+image: c.VkImage,
+image_memory: c.VkDeviceMemory,
+image_view: c.VkImageView,
+
+pub fn init(path: [:0]const u8, device: anytype) !Texture {
+    var width: i32 = 0;
+    var height: i32 = 0;
+    var channels: i32 = 0;
+
+    const pixels = c.stbi_load(path, &width, &height, &channels, c.STBI_rgb_alpha);
+    defer c.stbi_image_free(pixels);
+
+    const size: c.VkDeviceSize  = @as(u64, @intCast(width)) * @as(u64, @intCast(height)) * 4;
+    const image_buffer = try device.createBuffer(vk.BufferUsage{ .transfer_src = true }, vk.BufferFlags{ .host_visible = true, .host_coherent = true }, size);
+
+    const pixel_bytes: [*]u8 = @ptrCast(pixels);
+    var image_data: [*c]u8 = undefined;
+
+    try vk.mapError(c.vkMapMemory(
+        device.handle,
+        image_buffer.memory,
+        0,
+        image_buffer.size,
+        0,
+        @ptrCast(&image_data),
+    ));
+
+    @memcpy(image_data[0..size], pixel_bytes[0..size]);
+
+    c.vkUnmapMemory(
+        device.handle,
+        image_buffer.memory,
+    );
+
+    const create_info: c.VkImageCreateInfo = .{
+        .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .imageType = c.VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
+        .extent = .{
+            .width = @intCast(width),
+            .height = @intCast(height),
+            .depth = 1,
+        },
+        .mipLevels = 1,
+        .arrayLayers = 1,
+        .format = c.VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB,
+        .tiling = c.VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL,
+        .initialLayout = c.VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
+        .usage = c.VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | c.VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT,
+        .sharingMode = c.VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
+        .samples = c.VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
+        .flags = 0,
+    };
+
+    var image: c.VkImage = undefined;
+    var image_memory: c.VkDeviceMemory = undefined;
+    try vk.mapError(c.vkCreateImage(device.handle, &create_info, null, &image));
+
+    var memory_requirements: c.VkMemoryRequirements = undefined;
+    c.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device.handle, image, &memory_requirements);
+
+    const alloc_info: c.VkMemoryAllocateInfo = .{
+        .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+        .allocationSize = memory_requirements.size,
+        .memoryTypeIndex = try device.findMemoryType(memory_requirements.memoryTypeBits, c.VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT),
+    };
+
+    try vk.mapError(c.vkAllocateMemory(device.handle, &alloc_info, null, &image_memory));
+    try vk.mapError(c.vkBindImageMemory(device.handle, image, image_memory, 0));
+
+    try device.transitionImageLayout(image, c.VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB, c.VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, c.VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL);
+    try device.copyBufferToImage(image_buffer, image, @intCast(width), @intCast(height));
+    try device.transitionImageLayout(image, c.VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB, c.VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, c.VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL);
+
+    image_buffer.destroy(device.handle);
+
+    const image_view = try createImageView(device, image, c.VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB);
+
+    return .{
+        .image = image,
+        .image_memory = image_memory,
+        .image_view = image_view,
+    };
+}
+
+pub fn destroy(self: Texture, device: vk.Device) void {
+    c.vkDestroyImageView(device.handle, self.image_view, null);
+    c.vkDestroyImage(device.handle, self.image, null);
+    c.vkFreeMemory(device.handle, self.image_memory, null);
+}
+
+fn createImageView(device: anytype, image: c.VkImage, format: c.VkFormat) !c.VkImageView {
+    const create_info: c.VkImageViewCreateInfo = .{
+        .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
+        .image = image,
+        .viewType = c.VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D,
+        .format = format,
+        .subresourceRange = .{
+            .aspectMask = c.VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+            .baseMipLevel = 0,
+            .levelCount = 1,
+            .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+            .layerCount = 1,
+        },
+    };
+
+    var image_view: c.VkImageView = undefined;
+
+    try vk.mapError(c.vkCreateImageView(device.handle, &create_info, null, &image_view));
+
+    return image_view;
+}

src/renderer/gltf.zig

@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ pub const Model = struct {
     const Binary = struct {
         data: []u8,
         const Vec3 = [3]f32;
+        const Vec2 = [2]f32;
 
         pub fn readU16(self: Binary, allocator: Allocator, view: BufferView, count: usize) ![]u16 {
             const data = self.data[view.byteOffset .. view.byteOffset + view.byteLength];
@@ -146,10 +147,21 @@ pub const Model = struct {
 
             return vectors;
         }
+
+        pub fn readVec2(self: Binary, allocator: Allocator, view: BufferView, count: usize) ![]Vec2 {
+            const data = self.data[view.byteOffset .. view.byteOffset + view.byteLength];
+            const vectors = try allocator.alloc(Vec2, count);
+
+            for (0..count) |i| {
+                vectors[i] = std.mem.bytesAsValue(Vec2, data[(@sizeOf(Vec2) * i) .. (@sizeOf(Vec2) * i) + @sizeOf(Vec2)]).*;
+            }
+
+            return vectors;
+        }
     };
 };
 
-pub fn parseFile(allocator: Allocator, name: []const u8) !struct { vertices: [][3]f32, indices: []u16 } {
+pub fn parseFile(allocator: Allocator, name: []const u8) !struct { vertices: [][3]f32, normals: [][3]f32, uvs: [][2]f32, indices: []u16 } {
     const file = try std.fs.cwd().openFile(name, .{});
     const all = try file.readToEndAlloc(allocator, 1_000_000);
     defer allocator.free(all);
@@ -162,7 +174,12 @@ pub fn parseFile(allocator: Allocator, name: []const u8) !struct { vertices: [][
     const binary = Model.Binary{ .data = all[Model.Chunk.offset + json_chunk.length + 8 ..] };
 
     const vertices = try binary.readVec3(allocator, data.bufferViews.?[data.meshes.?[0].primitives.?[0].attributes.?.POSITION.?], data.accessors.?[data.meshes.?[0].primitives.?[0].attributes.?.POSITION.?].count);
+
+    const normals = try binary.readVec3(allocator, data.bufferViews.?[data.meshes.?[0].primitives.?[0].attributes.?.NORMAL.?], data.accessors.?[data.meshes.?[0].primitives.?[0].attributes.?.NORMAL.?].count);
+
+    const uvs = try binary.readVec2(allocator, data.bufferViews.?[data.meshes.?[0].primitives.?[0].attributes.?.TEXCOORD_0.?], data.accessors.?[data.meshes.?[0].primitives.?[0].attributes.?.TEXCOORD_0.?].count);
+
     const indices = try binary.readU16(allocator, data.bufferViews.?[data.meshes.?[0].primitives.?[0].indices.?], data.accessors.?[data.meshes.?[0].primitives.?[0].indices.?].count);
 
-    return .{ .vertices = vertices, .indices = indices };
+    return .{ .vertices = vertices, .normals = normals, .uvs = uvs, .indices = indices };
 }

src/renderer/vulkan.zig

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+pub const Texture = @import("Texture.zig");
+
 const std = @import("std");
 const c = @import("sideros").c;
 const Mesh = @import("Mesh.zig");
@@ -165,22 +167,7 @@ pub const Buffer = struct {
     size: usize,
 
     pub fn copyTo(self: Buffer, device: anytype, dest: Buffer) !void {
-        const command_buffer_info: c.VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo = .{
-            .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
-            .commandPool = device.command_pool,
-            .level = c.VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
-            .commandBufferCount = 1,
-        };
-
-        var command_buffer: c.VkCommandBuffer = undefined;
-        try mapError(c.vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device.handle, &command_buffer_info, @ptrCast(&command_buffer)));
-
-        const begin_info: c.VkCommandBufferBeginInfo = .{
-            .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
-            .flags = c.VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT,
-        };
-
-        try mapError(c.vkBeginCommandBuffer(command_buffer, &begin_info));
+        const command_buffer = try device.beginSingleTimeCommands();
 
         const copy_region: c.VkBufferCopy = .{
             .srcOffset = 0,
@@ -189,17 +176,8 @@ pub const Buffer = struct {
         };
 
         c.vkCmdCopyBuffer(command_buffer, self.handle, dest.handle, 1, &copy_region);
-        try mapError(c.vkEndCommandBuffer(command_buffer));
 
-        const submit_info: c.VkSubmitInfo = .{
-            .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
-            .commandBufferCount = 1,
-            .pCommandBuffers = &command_buffer,
-        };
-
-        try mapError(c.vkQueueSubmit(device.graphics_queue, 1, &submit_info, null));
-        try mapError(c.vkQueueWaitIdle(device.graphics_queue));
-        c.vkFreeCommandBuffers(device.handle, device.command_pool, 1, &command_buffer);
+        try device.endSingleTimeCommands(command_buffer);
     }
 
     pub fn destroy(self: Buffer, device_handle: c.VkDevice) void {
@@ -208,6 +186,43 @@ pub const Buffer = struct {
     }
 };
 
+pub const Sampler = struct {
+    handle: c.VkSampler,
+
+    pub fn init(device: anytype) !Sampler {
+        var sampler: c.VkSampler = undefined;
+
+        const create_info: c.VkSamplerCreateInfo = .{
+            .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO,
+            .magFilter = c.VK_FILTER_LINEAR,
+            .minFilter = c.VK_FILTER_LINEAR,
+            .addressModeU = c.VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT,
+            .addressModeV = c.VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT,
+            .addressModeW = c.VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT,
+            .borderColor = c.VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_BLACK,
+            .unnormalizedCoordinates = c.VK_FALSE,
+            .compareEnable = c.VK_FALSE,
+            .compareOp = c.VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS,
+            .mipmapMode = c.VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR,
+            .mipLodBias = 0.0,
+            .minLod = 0.0,
+            .maxLod = 0.0,
+            .anisotropyEnable = c.VK_FALSE,
+            .maxAnisotropy = 1.0,
+        };
+
+        try mapError(c.vkCreateSampler(device.handle, &create_info, null, &sampler));
+
+        return .{
+            .handle = sampler,
+        };
+    }
+
+    pub fn deinit(self: Sampler, device: anytype) void {
+        c.vkDestroySampler(device.handle, self.handle, null);
+    }
+};
+
 pub fn RenderPass(comptime n: usize) type {
     return struct {
         handle: c.VkRenderPass,
@@ -267,7 +282,7 @@ pub fn RenderPass(comptime n: usize) type {
 
         pub fn begin(self: Self, swapchain: Swapchain(n), device: Device(n), image: usize, frame: usize) void {
             std.debug.assert(frame < n);
-            const clear_color: c.VkClearValue = .{ .color = .{ .float32 = .{ 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 } } };
+            const clear_color: c.VkClearValue = .{ .color = .{ .float32 = .{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 } } };
 
             const begin_info: c.VkRenderPassBeginInfo = .{
                 .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO,
@@ -300,16 +315,23 @@ pub fn GraphicsPipeline(comptime n: usize) type {
     return struct {
         layout: c.VkPipelineLayout,
         handle: c.VkPipeline,
+        texture_set_layout: c.VkDescriptorSetLayout,
         descriptor_pool: c.VkDescriptorPool,
         descriptor_set: c.VkDescriptorSet,
         descriptor_set_layout: c.VkDescriptorSetLayout,
         projection_buffer: Buffer,
+        light_buffer: Buffer,
         view_buffer: Buffer,
         view_memory: [*c]u8,
+        view_pos_memory: [*c]u8,
+        texture_sampler: Sampler,
+        diffuse_sampler: Sampler,
+        textures: std.ArrayList(c.VkDescriptorSet),
+        light_pos: [*]f32,
 
         const Self = @This();
 
-        pub fn create(device: Device(n), swapchain: Swapchain(n), render_pass: RenderPass(n), vertex_shader: c.VkShaderModule, fragment_shader: c.VkShaderModule) !Self {
+        pub fn create(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, device: Device(n), swapchain: Swapchain(n), render_pass: RenderPass(n), vertex_shader: c.VkShaderModule, fragment_shader: c.VkShaderModule) !Self {
             const vertex_shader_stage_info: c.VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo = .{
                 .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
                 .stage = c.VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
@@ -327,14 +349,14 @@ pub fn GraphicsPipeline(comptime n: usize) type {
             // TODO: shouldn't this be closer to usage?
             const shader_stage_infos: []const c.VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo = &.{ vertex_shader_stage_info, fragment_shader_stage_info };
 
-            const vertex_attributes: []const c.VkVertexInputAttributeDescription = &.{Mesh.Vertex.attributeDescription()};
+            const vertex_attributes: []const c.VkVertexInputAttributeDescription = Mesh.Vertex.attributeDescriptions();
             const vertex_bindings: []const c.VkVertexInputBindingDescription = &.{Mesh.Vertex.bindingDescription()};
 
             const vertex_input_info: c.VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo = .{
                 .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
                 .vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 1,
                 .pVertexBindingDescriptions = vertex_bindings.ptr,
-                .vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = 1,
+                .vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = 3,
                 .pVertexAttributeDescriptions = vertex_attributes.ptr,
             };
 
@@ -375,8 +397,7 @@ pub fn GraphicsPipeline(comptime n: usize) type {
                 .rasterizerDiscardEnable = c.VK_FALSE,
                 .polygonMode = c.VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL,
                 .lineWidth = 1.0,
-                //.cullMode = c.VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT,
-                .cullMode = c.VK_CULL_MODE_NONE,
+                .cullMode = c.VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT,
                 .frontFace = c.VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE,
                 .depthBiasEnable = c.VK_FALSE,
             };
@@ -421,23 +442,60 @@ pub fn GraphicsPipeline(comptime n: usize) type {
                 .stageFlags = c.VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
             };
 
-            const bindings = [_]c.VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding{projection_binding, view_binding};
+            const light_binding = c.VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding{
+                .binding = 2,
+                .descriptorType = c.VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
+                .descriptorCount = 1,
+                .stageFlags = c.VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
+            };
+
+            const view_pos_binding = c.VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding{
+                .binding = 3,
+                .descriptorType = c.VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
+                .descriptorCount = 1,
+                .stageFlags = c.VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
+            };
+
+            const texture_sampler_binding = c.VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding{
+                .binding = 0,
+                .descriptorType = c.VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
+                .descriptorCount = 1,
+                .stageFlags = c.VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
+            };
+
+            const diffuse_sampler_binding = c.VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding{
+                .binding = 1,
+                .descriptorType = c.VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
+                .descriptorCount = 1,
+                .stageFlags = c.VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
+            };
+
+            const bindings = [_]c.VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding{projection_binding, view_binding, light_binding, view_pos_binding};
+            const texture_bindings = [_]c.VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding{texture_sampler_binding, diffuse_sampler_binding};
 
             var descriptor_set_layout: c.VkDescriptorSetLayout = undefined;
+            var texture_descriptor_set_layout: c.VkDescriptorSetLayout = undefined;
 
             const descriptor_set_layout_info = c.VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo{
                 .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
-                .bindingCount = 2,
+                .bindingCount = 4,
                 .pBindings = bindings[0..].ptr,
             };
 
-            try mapError(c.vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device.handle, &descriptor_set_layout_info, null, &descriptor_set_layout));
+            const texture_descriptor_set_layout_info = c.VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo{
+                .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
+                .bindingCount = 2,
+                .pBindings = texture_bindings[0..].ptr,
+            };
 
-            const set_layouts = [_]c.VkDescriptorSetLayout{descriptor_set_layout};
+            try mapError(c.vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device.handle, &descriptor_set_layout_info, null, &descriptor_set_layout));
+            try mapError(c.vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device.handle, &texture_descriptor_set_layout_info, null, &texture_descriptor_set_layout));
+
+            var set_layouts = [_]c.VkDescriptorSetLayout{descriptor_set_layout, texture_descriptor_set_layout};
 
             const layout_info: c.VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo = .{
                 .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
-                .setLayoutCount = 1,
+                .setLayoutCount = 2,
                 .pSetLayouts = set_layouts[0..].ptr,
                 .pushConstantRangeCount = 0,
                 .pPushConstantRanges = null,
@@ -470,16 +528,23 @@ pub fn GraphicsPipeline(comptime n: usize) type {
 
             try mapError(c.vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device.handle, null, 1, &pipeline_info, null, @ptrCast(&pipeline)));
 
-            var size = c.VkDescriptorPoolSize{
+            const size = c.VkDescriptorPoolSize{
                 .type = c.VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
+                .descriptorCount = 4,
+            };
+
+            const sampler_size = c.VkDescriptorPoolSize{
+                .type = c.VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
                 .descriptorCount = 2,
             };
 
+            const sizes = [_]c.VkDescriptorPoolSize {size, sampler_size};
+
             const descriptor_pool_info = c.VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo{
                 .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
-                .maxSets = 1,
-                .poolSizeCount = 1,
-                .pPoolSizes = &size,
+                .maxSets = 2,
+                .poolSizeCount = 2,
+                .pPoolSizes = sizes[0..].ptr,
             };
 
             var descriptor_pool: c.VkDescriptorPool = undefined;
@@ -562,24 +627,152 @@ pub fn GraphicsPipeline(comptime n: usize) type {
 
             c.vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device.handle, 1, &write_view_descriptor_set, 0, null);
 
+            const light_buffer = try device.createBuffer(BufferUsage{ .uniform_buffer = true, .transfer_dst = true }, BufferFlags{ .device_local = true }, @sizeOf([3]f32));
+
+            var light_data: [*c]u8 = undefined;
+
+            try mapError(c.vkMapMemory(
+                device.handle,
+                light_buffer.memory,
+                0,
+                light_buffer.size,
+                0,
+                @ptrCast(&light_data),
+            ));
+
+            const light_pos: [*]f32 = @alignCast(@ptrCast(light_data));
+
+            const light_descriptor_buffer_info = c.VkDescriptorBufferInfo{
+                .buffer = light_buffer.handle,
+                .offset = 0,
+                .range = light_buffer.size,
+            };
+
+            const write_light_descriptor_set = c.VkWriteDescriptorSet{
+                .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
+                .dstSet = descriptor_set,
+                .dstBinding = 2,
+                .dstArrayElement = 0,
+                .descriptorCount = 1,
+                .descriptorType = c.VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
+                .pBufferInfo = &light_descriptor_buffer_info,
+            };
+
+            c.vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device.handle, 1, &write_light_descriptor_set, 0, null);
+
+            const view_pos_buffer = try device.createBuffer(BufferUsage{ .uniform_buffer = true, .transfer_dst = true }, BufferFlags{ .device_local = true }, @sizeOf([3]f32));
+
+            var view_pos_data: [*c]u8 = undefined;
+
+            try mapError(c.vkMapMemory(
+                device.handle,
+                view_pos_buffer.memory,
+                0,
+                view_pos_buffer.size,
+                0,
+                @ptrCast(&view_pos_data),
+            ));
+
+            const view_pos_descriptor_buffer_info = c.VkDescriptorBufferInfo{
+                .buffer = view_pos_buffer.handle,
+                .offset = 0,
+                .range = view_pos_buffer.size,
+            };
+
+            const write_view_pos_descriptor_set = c.VkWriteDescriptorSet{
+                .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
+                .dstSet = descriptor_set,
+                .dstBinding = 3,
+                .dstArrayElement = 0,
+                .descriptorCount = 1,
+                .descriptorType = c.VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
+                .pBufferInfo = &view_pos_descriptor_buffer_info,
+            };
+
+            c.vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device.handle, 1, &write_view_pos_descriptor_set, 0, null);
+
             return Self{
                 .layout = layout,
                 .handle = pipeline,
+                .texture_set_layout = texture_descriptor_set_layout,
                 .descriptor_pool = descriptor_pool,
                 .descriptor_set = descriptor_set,
                 .descriptor_set_layout = descriptor_set_layout,
                 .projection_buffer = projection_buffer,
                 .view_buffer = view_buffer,
                 .view_memory = view_data,
+                .light_buffer = light_buffer,
+                .view_pos_memory = view_pos_data,
+                .texture_sampler = try Sampler.init(device),
+                .diffuse_sampler = try Sampler.init(device),
+                .textures = std.ArrayList(c.VkDescriptorSet).init(allocator),
+                .light_pos = light_pos,
             };
         }
 
+        pub fn addTexture(self: *Self, device: anytype, texture: Texture, diffuse: Texture) !usize {
+            var set_layouts = [_]c.VkDescriptorSetLayout{self.texture_set_layout};
+            const descriptor_allocate_info = c.VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo{
+                .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+                .descriptorPool = self.descriptor_pool,
+                .descriptorSetCount = 1,
+                .pSetLayouts = set_layouts[0..].ptr,
+            };
+
+            var descriptor_set: c.VkDescriptorSet = undefined;
+            try mapError(c.vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device.handle, &descriptor_allocate_info, &descriptor_set));
+
+            const texture_info: c.VkDescriptorImageInfo = .{
+                .imageLayout = c.VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
+                .imageView = texture.image_view,
+                .sampler = self.texture_sampler.handle,
+            };
+
+            const diffuse_info: c.VkDescriptorImageInfo = .{
+                .imageLayout = c.VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
+                .imageView = diffuse.image_view,
+                .sampler = self.diffuse_sampler.handle,
+            };
+
+            const write_texture_descriptor_set = c.VkWriteDescriptorSet{
+                .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
+                .dstSet = descriptor_set,
+                .dstBinding = 0,
+                .dstArrayElement = 0,
+                .descriptorCount = 1,
+                .descriptorType = c.VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
+                .pImageInfo = &texture_info,
+            };
+
+            const write_diffuse_descriptor_set = c.VkWriteDescriptorSet{
+                .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
+                .dstSet = descriptor_set,
+                .dstBinding = 1,
+                .dstArrayElement = 0,
+                .descriptorCount = 1,
+                .descriptorType = c.VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
+                .pImageInfo = &diffuse_info,
+            };
+
+            const writes = [_]c.VkWriteDescriptorSet {write_texture_descriptor_set, write_diffuse_descriptor_set};
+
+            c.vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device.handle, 2, writes[0..].ptr, 0, null);
+
+            const index = self.textures.items.len;
+            try self.textures.append(descriptor_set);
+
+            return index;
+        }
+
         pub fn bind(self: Self, device: Device(n), frame: usize) void {
             std.debug.assert(frame < n);
             c.vkCmdBindPipeline(device.command_buffers[frame], c.VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, self.handle);
         }
 
         pub fn destroy(self: Self, device: Device(n)) void {
+            self.textures.deinit();
+            self.texture_sampler.deinit(device);
+            self.diffuse_sampler.deinit(device);
             self.projection_buffer.destroy(device.handle);
             c.vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(device.handle, self.descriptor_set_layout, null);
             c.vkDestroyDescriptorPool(device.handle, self.descriptor_pool, null);
@@ -865,6 +1058,7 @@ pub fn Device(comptime n: usize) type {
         in_flight_fence: [n]c.VkFence,
         graphics_family: u32,
         present_family: u32,
+        device_properties: c.VkPhysicalDeviceProperties,
         memory_properties: c.VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties,
 
         const Self = @This();
@@ -888,11 +1082,147 @@ pub fn Device(comptime n: usize) type {
             try mapError(c.vkEndCommandBuffer(self.command_buffers[frame]));
         }
 
+        pub fn beginSingleTimeCommands(self: Self) !c.VkCommandBuffer {
+            const command_buffer_info: c.VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo = .{
+                .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+                .commandPool = self.command_pool,
+                .level = c.VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
+                .commandBufferCount = 1,
+            };
+
+            var command_buffer: c.VkCommandBuffer = undefined;
+            try mapError(c.vkAllocateCommandBuffers(self.handle, &command_buffer_info, @ptrCast(&command_buffer)));
+
+            const begin_info: c.VkCommandBufferBeginInfo = .{
+                .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
+                .flags = c.VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT,
+            };
+
+            try mapError(c.vkBeginCommandBuffer(command_buffer, &begin_info));
+
+            return command_buffer;
+        }
+
+        pub fn endSingleTimeCommands(self: Self, command_buffer: c.VkCommandBuffer) !void {
+            try mapError(c.vkEndCommandBuffer(command_buffer));
+
+            const submit_info: c.VkSubmitInfo = .{
+                .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
+                .commandBufferCount = 1,
+                .pCommandBuffers = &command_buffer,
+            };
+
+            try mapError(c.vkQueueSubmit(self.graphics_queue, 1, &submit_info, null));
+            try mapError(c.vkQueueWaitIdle(self.graphics_queue));
+            c.vkFreeCommandBuffers(self.handle, self.command_pool, 1, &command_buffer);
+        }
+
+        pub fn copyBufferToImage(self: Self, buffer: Buffer, image: c.VkImage, width: u32, height: u32) !void {
+            const command_buffer = try self.beginSingleTimeCommands();
+
+            const region: c.VkBufferImageCopy = .{
+                .bufferOffset = 0,
+                .bufferRowLength = 0,
+                .bufferImageHeight = 0,
+                .imageSubresource = .{
+                    .aspectMask = c.VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+                    .mipLevel = 0,
+                    .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+                    .layerCount = 1,
+                },
+                .imageOffset = .{
+                    .x = 0, .y = 0, .z = 0,
+                },
+                .imageExtent = .{
+                    .width = width, .height = height, .depth = 1,
+                },
+            };
+
+            c.vkCmdCopyBufferToImage(
+                command_buffer,
+                buffer.handle,
+                image,
+                c.VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
+                1,
+                &region
+            );
+
+            try self.endSingleTimeCommands(command_buffer);
+        }
+
+        pub fn transitionImageLayout(self: Self, image: c.VkImage, format: c.VkFormat, old_layout: c.VkImageLayout, new_layout: c.VkImageLayout) !void {
+            _ = format;
+            const command_buffer = try self.beginSingleTimeCommands();
+
+            var barrier: c.VkImageMemoryBarrier = .{
+                .sType = c.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
+                .oldLayout = old_layout,
+                .newLayout = new_layout,
+                .srcQueueFamilyIndex = c.VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+                .dstQueueFamilyIndex = c.VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+                .image = image,
+                .subresourceRange = .{
+                    .aspectMask = c.VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+                    .baseMipLevel = 0,
+                    .levelCount = 1,
+                    .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+                    .layerCount = 1,
+                },
+                .srcAccessMask = 0,
+                .dstAccessMask = 0,
+            };
+
+            var sourceStage: c.VkPipelineStageFlags = undefined;
+            var destinationStage: c.VkPipelineStageFlags = undefined;
+
+            if (old_layout == c.VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED and new_layout == c.VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL) {
+                barrier.srcAccessMask = 0;
+                barrier.dstAccessMask = c.VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
+
+                sourceStage = c.VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT;
+                destinationStage = c.VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
+            } else if (old_layout == c.VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL and new_layout == c.VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL) {
+                barrier.srcAccessMask = c.VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
+                barrier.dstAccessMask = c.VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;
+
+                sourceStage = c.VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
+                destinationStage = c.VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT;
+            } else {
+                return error.UnsupportedTransition;
+            }
+
+            c.vkCmdPipelineBarrier(
+                command_buffer,
+                sourceStage,
+                destinationStage,
+                0,
+                0, null,
+                0, null,
+                1, &barrier
+            );
+
+            try self.endSingleTimeCommands(command_buffer);
+        }
+
+        
+
         pub fn draw(self: Self, indices: u32, frame: usize) void {
             std.debug.assert(frame < n);
             c.vkCmdDrawIndexed(self.command_buffers[frame], indices, 1, 0, 0, 0);
         }
 
+        pub fn findMemoryType(self: Self, filter: u32, properties: c.VkMemoryPropertyFlags) error{NoSuitableMemory}!u32 {
+            const memory_properties = self.memory_properties;
+
+            for (0..memory_properties.memoryTypeCount) |i| {
+                if ((filter & (@as(u32, 1) << @intCast(i))) != 0 and (memory_properties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & properties) == properties) {
+                    return @intCast(i);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return error.NoSuitableMemory;
+        }
+
         pub fn waitFence(self: Self, frame: usize) !void {
             //std.debug.assert(frame < n);
             try mapError(c.vkWaitForFences(self.handle, 1, &self.in_flight_fence[frame], c.VK_TRUE, std.math.maxInt(u64)));
@@ -917,8 +1247,9 @@ pub fn Device(comptime n: usize) type {
             c.vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(self.command_buffers[frame], 0, 1, &buffer.handle, &offset);
         }
 
-        pub fn bindDescriptorSets(self: Self, pipeline: GraphicsPipeline(n), frame: usize) void {
-            c.vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(self.command_buffers[frame], c.VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline.layout, 0, 1, &pipeline.descriptor_set, 0, null);
+        pub fn bindDescriptorSets(self: Self, pipeline: GraphicsPipeline(n), frame: usize, texture: usize) void {
+            const sets = [_]c.VkDescriptorSet {pipeline.descriptor_set, pipeline.textures.items[texture]};
+            c.vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(self.command_buffers[frame], c.VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline.layout, 0, 2, sets[0..].ptr, 0, null);
         }
 
         pub fn updateBuffer(self: Self, comptime T: type, buffer: Buffer, data: [*]T, frame: usize) void {
@@ -1083,6 +1414,8 @@ pub const PhysicalDevice = struct {
         return graphics_queue.?;
     }
 
+    
+
     pub fn presentQueue(self: PhysicalDevice, surface: Surface, allocator: Allocator) !u32 {
         const queue_families = try self.queueFamilyProperties(allocator);
         defer allocator.free(queue_families);
@@ -1192,6 +1525,9 @@ pub const PhysicalDevice = struct {
         var memory_properties: c.VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties = undefined;
         c.vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(self.handle, &memory_properties);
 
+        var device_properties: c.VkPhysicalDeviceProperties = undefined;
+        c.vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(self.handle, &device_properties);
+
         return Device(n){
             .handle = device,
             .graphics_queue = graphics_queue,
@@ -1204,6 +1540,7 @@ pub const PhysicalDevice = struct {
             .graphics_family = graphics_queue_index,
             .present_family = present_queue_index,
             .memory_properties = memory_properties,
+            .device_properties = device_properties,
         };
     }
 };

src/wayland.zig

@@ -58,10 +58,11 @@ fn toplevelHandleConfigure(data: ?*anyopaque, toplevel: ?*c.xdg_toplevel, width:
 }
 
 fn toplevelHandleClose(data: ?*anyopaque, toplevel: ?*c.xdg_toplevel) callconv(.c) void {
-    _ = data;
+    const state: *State = @alignCast(@ptrCast(data));
     _ = toplevel;
 
     quit = true;
+    state.pool.resources.renderer.deinit();
 }
 
 fn toplevelHandleConfigureBounds(data: ?*anyopaque, toplevel: ?*c.xdg_toplevel, width: i32, height: i32) callconv(.c) void {
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ pub fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, pool: *ecs.Pool) !void {
     state.surface = surface;
 
     const toplevel = c.xdg_surface_get_toplevel(xdg_surface);
-    _ = c.xdg_toplevel_add_listener(toplevel, &toplevel_listener, null);
+    _ = c.xdg_toplevel_add_listener(toplevel, &toplevel_listener, @ptrCast(&state));
     const title = [_]u8 {'s', 'i', 'd', 'e', 'r', 'o', 's', 0};
     c.xdg_toplevel_set_title(toplevel, @ptrCast(&title[0]));
     c.xdg_toplevel_set_app_id(toplevel, @ptrCast(&title[0]));
@@ -138,9 +139,8 @@ pub fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, pool: *ecs.Pool) !void {
     }
 
     var renderer = try Renderer.init(@TypeOf(display), @TypeOf(surface), allocator, display, surface);
-    defer renderer.deinit();
 
-    pool.resources.renderer = renderer;
+    pool.resources.renderer = &renderer;
     state.pool = pool;
     pool.tick();
 

src/xorg.zig

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ pub fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, pool: *ecs.Pool) !void {
     var renderer = try Renderer.init(@TypeOf(connection), @TypeOf(window), allocator, connection, window);
     defer renderer.deinit();
 
-    pool.resources.renderer = renderer;
+    pool.resources.renderer = &renderer;
 
     while (true) {
         if (c.xcb_poll_for_event(connection)) |e| {